Pele: Wersiýalaryň arasyndaky tapawut

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uj Çykgytlary binýat etdim
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[[Faýl:Pele200802FabioRodriguesPozzebomAgenciaBrasil.jpg|thumb|Pele, 2008-nji ýyl]]
'''Edson Arantes do Nassimento''' ({{IPA-pt|ˈɛtsõ (w)ɐˈɾɐ̃tʃiz du nɐsiˈmẽtu|br}}; 23/10/1940), '''Pelé '''hökmünde tanalýar (<span class="IPA" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[peˈlɛ]</span>), [[Hüjümçi (futbol)|hüjümçi]] hökmünde çykyş eden pensioner professional [[brazil]] futbolçysy. Bu sportdaky ýazyjylar, oýunçylar we janköýerler bilen bir hatarda köpler tarapyndan [[Asyryň iň gowy futbolçysy baýraklary|adamzat taryhynyň iň beýik futbolçysy hasaplanýar]]. Ol [[1999-njy ýyldaýyld]]<nowiki/>a [[Halkara futbol taryhy we statistikalary federasiýasy]] (IFFHS) tarapyndan asyryň oýunçysy saýlandy we FIFA asyryň oýunçysy baýragynyň şärikdeş ýeňijisi. Şol bir ýylda Pele [[Halkara olimpiýa komiteti]] tarapyndan asyryň atletikaçysy saýlandy. [[IFFHS]]-a görä Pele dünýäniň iň öndümli liga bombardiridir[[bombardir]]<nowiki/>idir, ol gaýryresmi ýoldaşlyk duşuşyklary we sapar oýunlaryny hem öz içine alýan 1363 oýunda 1281 gol urdy. Karýerasy dowam edýän wagtlary Pele iň köp gazanýan atletikaçydy.
 
Pele 15 ýaşynda [[Santos futbol klubyndakluby]]<nowiki/>nda çykyş etmäge başlady we 16 ýaşynda [[Braziliýa milli ýygyndysyndafutbol ýygyndysy|Braziliýa milli ýygyndysy]]<nowiki/>nda çykyş etmäge başlady. Halkara karýerasy dowamynda ol 3 [[FIFA Dünýä kubogy|FIFA dünýä kubogyndakubogy]]<nowiki/>nda ýeňiji boldy: [[FIFA Dünýä çempionaty 1958|1958]], [[FIFA Dünýä kubogy 1962|1962]] we [[FIFA Dünýä kubogy 1970|1970]]. Ol bu sepgide ýeten ýeke-täk futbolçydyr. Pele Braziliýa milli ýygyndysy bilen 92 duşuşykda 77 gol urdy we Braziliýa milli ýygyndysy bilen iň köp gol uran futbolçydyr. Ol klub karýerasynda Santosyň iň öndümli golçysydyr we Santosyň [[Kopa Libertadores 1962|1962]] we [[Kopa Libertadores 1963|1963]] [[Kopa Libertadores]]-i gazanmagyna öňbaşçylyk etdi. 1977-nji ýylda pensiýa çykmagyndan soňra futbolyň bütindünýä ilçisi boldy we birnäçe dabarada ýer aldy. 2010-njy ýylda [[Nýu-Ýork Kozmos futbol klubynyňkluby]]<nowiki/>nyň mertebeli prezidenti ykrar edildi.
 
== Irki durmuşy ==
[[Faýl:Panorâmica_do_Centro_de_TC.JPG|right|thumb|1940-njy ýylda Tres Korakwes şäherinde doglan Peleniň adyna  bu şäherde köçe bar – Rua Edson Arantes do Nascimento. Şäherçede Peleniň heýkeli hem dikilen]]
Pele [[1940-njy ýylyňýyl]]<nowiki/>yň [[23-nji oktýabryndaoktýabr]]<nowiki/>ynda Braziliýanyň[[Braziliýa]]<nowiki/>nyň Três Corações, Minas Gerais şäherinde doguldy. Ol [[Fluminense futbol kluby|Fluminense]] futbolçysy Dondinhonyň[[Dondinho]]<nowiki/>nyň ogludyr. Ol 2 doganyň ulusydyr.{{sfn|Pelé|Fish|1977|p=18–19}} Ol Amerikan alymy [[Tomas Edison]] hormatyna atlandyrylan. Onuň ene-atasy "i" harpyny aýryp oňa "Edson" diýip at berse-de ony "Edison" diýip ýalňyş atlandyrýan resminamalar köpdür.<ref name="Name">{{cite web|last1=Narcía|first1=Eva|url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/spanish/seriemilenio08.htm|title=Un siglo, diez historias|publisher=[[BBC World Service]]|language=Spanish|accessdate=21 June 2010}}</ref> Ol aslynda maşgalasy tarapyndan "Diko" diýlen lakam bilen çagyrylýardy.<ref name="Guardian-nick">{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/football/2006/may/13/sport.comment9|title=From Edson to Pelé: my changing identity|work=[[The Guardian]]|accessdate=1 October 2006|location=London|date=12 May 2006}}</ref> "Pele" lakamyny ol çagaka öz söýgüli [[Wasko Da Gama futbol kluby|Wasko Da Gama]] derwezebany Bileniň[[Bile (Braziliýaly derwezeban)|Bile]]<nowiki/>niň adyny Pele hökmünde ýalňyş tutmagy sebäpli aldy. Öz biografiýasynda Pele "Pele" sözüniň manysyny özüniň hem dostlarynyň hem bilmeýändigini aýtdy.{{sfn|Pelé|Fish|1977|p=18–19}} Pele sözüniň Portugal dilinde manysy ýokdur.<ref name="meaning of Pelé">{{cite news|first=Denise|last=Winterman|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/magazine/4578032.stm|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20081123121709/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/magazine/4578032.stm|archivedate=23 November 2008|title=Taking the Pelé|work=[[BBC News]]|accessdate=1 July 2010|date=4 January 2006|deadurl=yes}}</ref>
 
Pele [[Sao Paolo ştatynyňştaty]]<nowiki/>nyň [[Bauru]] şäherinde ýoksullykda önüp-ösdi.
 
== Ýetginjeklikdäki futbol karýerasy ==
Pele ýetginjeklik ýyllarynda [[Sete de Setembro futbol kluby|Sete de Setembro]], [[Kanto do Rio futbol kluby|Kanto do Rio]], [[Sao Paulinýo futbol kluby|Sao Paulinýo]] we [[Amerkuinýa futbol kluby|Amerkuinýa]] ýaly birnäçe öwrenje klublarda çykyş etdi.<ref>Heizer, Teixeira (1997). ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=uGUPFTUedssC&dq O jogo bruto das copas do mundo]''. Mauad Editora Ltda. p. 324. [[:en:International_Standard_Book_Number|ISBN]] [[:en:Special:BookSources/8585756527|8585756527]].</ref> Pele [[Bauru ýetginjekler toparynytopary]]<nowiki/>ny 2 gezek [[Sao Paolo ştaty ýetginjekler çempionatyndaçempionaty]]<nowiki/>nda çempionlyga ýetmegine öňbaşçylyk etdi.<ref>Magill, Frank Northen (1999) ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=uiQAaGgOChIC Dictionary of World Biography: The 20th century], O-Z''. Routledge. p. 4175. [[:en:International_Standard_Book_Number|ISBN]] [[:en:Special:BookSources/1579580483|1579580483]].</ref> 15 ýaşlary töweregi ol [[Radium futzal kluby|Radium]] atly futzal klubynda hem çykyş etdi.<ref>"[https://web.archive.org/web/20160112150737/http://www.icfds.com/leeds/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=29&Itemid=2 Pele Speaks of Benefits of Futebol de Salão]". International Confederation of Futebol de Salão. 24 May 2006. 2016-njy ýylyň 24-nji maýynda [http://www.icfds.com/leeds/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=29&Itemid=2 asly]ndan arhiwlendi.</ref>
 
== Professional futbol karýerasy ==
=== Klub karýerasy ===
[[1956-njy ýyldaýyl]]<nowiki/>da Pele 15 ýaşyndaka [[Waldemar de Brito]] Peleni Santos futbol klubyna synaga eltdi we klub ýolbaşçylaryna "''bu 15 ýaşly oglanjyk dünýäniň iň beýik futbolçysy bolar''" diýdi.<ref>Massarela, Louis (7 September 2016). "[https://www.fourfourtwo.com/features/exclusive-interview-pele-his-santos-years Exclusive interview: Pele on his Santos years]". ''FourFourTwo''. 2017-nji ýylyň 28-nji iýulynda ulaşyldy.</ref> Pele Santos kluby bilen 1956-njy ýylyň [[Sentýabr]] aýynda şertnama baglaşdy.<ref>Marcus, Joe (1976). ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=V1MNAAAAYAAJ&q The World of Pelé]''. Mason Charter Publishing. p. 200. [[:en:International_Standard_Book_Number|ISBN]] [[:en:Special:BookSources/0884053660|0884053660]].</ref> Pele Santos futbol kluby bilen [[1974-nji ýylaýyl]]<nowiki/>a çenli çykyş etdi, 19 möwsüm. Ondan soňra [[Amerikanyň Birleşen Ştatlary|ABŞ]]-nyň Nýu-Ýork kozmos futbol kluby bilen şertnama baglaşdy we o ýerde [[1977-nji ýylaýyl]]<nowiki/>a çenli çykyş etdi.
 
==== Sepgitleri ====
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* Campeonato Brasileiro Série A (6): 1961, 1962, 1963, 1964, 1965, 1968<ref>{{cite web|url=http://santos.globo.com/clube_historia_ptitulos.php?cod=10441|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100129133602/http://santos.globo.com/clube_historia_ptitulos.php?cod=10441|archivedate=29 January 2010|publisher=globo.com|title=Pelé o atleta do século|date=3 January 2016|access-date=3 January 2016|deadurl=yes|df=}}</ref>
* Kopa Libertadores (2): [[Kopa Libertadores 1962|1962]], [[Kopa Libertadores 1963|1963]]<ref name="copa62">{{cite web|last1=Pierrend|first1=José Luis|last2=Beuker|first2=John|last3=Ciullini|first3=Pablo|last4=Gorgazzi|first4=Osvaldo|url=http://www.rsssf.com/sacups/copa62.html|title=Copa Libertadores de América 1962|publisher=Rec.Sport.Soccer Statistics Foundation|accessdate=29 January 2016}}</ref><ref name="copa63">{{cite web|last1=Pierrend|first1=José Luis|last2=Beuker|first2=John|last3=Ciullini|first3=Pablo|last4=Gorgazzi|first4=Osvaldo|url=http://www.rsssf.com/sacups/copa63.html|title=Copa Libertadores de América 1963|publisher=Rec.Sport.Soccer Statistics Foundation|accessdate=9 July 2017}}</ref>
* [[Intercontinental Cupkubok]] (2): [[Interkontinental kubok 1962|1962]], [[Interkontinental kubok 1963|1963]]<ref name="“Recopa”">[http://www.rsssf.com/tablesi/intconclub63.html “Recopa Intercontinental 1968/69”]. Rsssf. Retrieved 1 June 2018</ref>
* [[Intercontinental Superkubok]]: [[Interkontinental superkubok 1968|1968]]
* [[Campeonato Paulista]] (10): 1958, 1960, 1961, 1962, 1964, 1965, 1967, 1968, 1969, 1973<ref>{{cite news|title=FIFA 18 World Cup Icons player ratings revealed: Pele, Gary Lineker and the 17 classic players|url=https://www.bristolpost.co.uk/sport/uk-sport-news/fifa-18-world-cup-icons-1622954|newspaper=Bristol Post|date=27 June 2018}}</ref>
* Torneio Rio-São Paulo (4): 1959, 1963, 1964<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.rsssf.com/tablesr/riosplchamp.html|title=Torneio Rio-São Paulo -- List of Champions|last=Pontes|first=Ricardo|date=18 January 2002|publisher=Rec.Sport.Soccer Statistics Foundation|access-date=24 July 2017}}</ref>
 
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====== Braziliýa ======
* [[FIFA Dünýä kubogy iň gowy ýaş oýunçy]]: 1958.<ref name="fifa.com">[https://www.fifa.com/worldcup/archive/sweden1958/awards/index.html 1958 FIFA World Cup Sweden – Awards] FIFA. Retrieved 6 May 2011</ref>
* [[FIFA Dünýä kubogy altyn topy]] (iň gowy oýunçy): 1970.
* [[Kopa Amerika iň gowy oýunçysy]]: [[Kopa Amerika 1959|1959]].
* [[Kopa Amerika bombardiri]]: 1959
 
====== Beýlekiler ======
* [[FIFA Ballon d'Or Prix d'Honneur]]: 2013<ref>"[https://www.fifa.com/ballondor/news/newsid=2259756/index.html Pele receives FIFA Ballon d'Or Prix d'Honneur]". FIFA. 13 January 2014. Retrieved 14 January 2014</ref>
* Ballan[[Ballon d'or]] (7 gezek): 1958, 1959, 1960, 1961, 1963, 1964, 1970.<ref>{{cite web|last1=Crépin|first1=Timothé|title=Pelé devait être le recordman|url=https://www.francefootball.fr/news/Pele-devait-etre-le-recordman/612774|publisher=[[France Football]]|language=French|date=2 December 2015}}</ref>
* FIFA asyryň oýunçysy: 2000.<ref>"[https://www.fifa.com/fifa-tournaments/players-coaches/people=63869/profile.html The King of football]". FIFA. 2015. Retrieved 21 January 2016.</ref>
* FIFA order of merit: 1984.<ref>{{cite web|title=FIFA Order of Merit|url=https://www.fifa.com/mm/document/fifafacts/r&a-awards/01/20/85/43/170490-factsheet-fifaorderofmerit%281984-2010%29_neutral.pdf|publisher=FIFA|accessdate=21 January 2015|page=2}}</ref>
* FIFA Centennial Award: 2004<ref>{{cite web|title=FIFA Centennial Award|url=https://www.fifa.com/mm/document/fifafacts/r&a-awards/01/20/85/43/170490-factsheet-fifaorderofmerit%281984-2010%29_neutral.pdf|accessdate=21 January 2015}}</ref>
* FIFA 100 Greatest Living Footballers: 2004.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport2/hi/football/3533891.stm|title=Pele's list of the greatest|last=|first=|date=4 March 2004|work=BBC|access-date=30 January 2018}}</ref>
*[[Günorta SouthAmerika Americanýylyň Footballeroýunçysy]]: of[[Günorta theAmerika Year:ýylyň oýunçysy baýragy 1973|1973]].<ref>{{cite web|last1=Pierrend|first1=José Luis|title=South American Player of the Year 1973|url=http://www.rsssf.com/miscellaneous/sampoy73.html|publisher=Rec.Sport.Soccer Statistics Foundation|date=22 December 2000}}</ref>
* [[France Football asyryň oýunçysy]]: 1999.<ref name="rsssf.com">{{cite web|last1=Stokkermans|first1=Karel|title=France Football's Football Player of the Century|url=http://www.rsssf.com/miscellaneous/best-x-players-of-y.html#ff-poc|publisher=Rec.Sport. Soccer Statistics Foundation|accessdate=16 July 2017|date=23 December 2015}}</ref>
 
== Rekortlary ==
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== Futboldan soňrasy ==
[[Faýl:Ronald_Reagan_with_Pele,_President_Sarney_of_Brazil.jpg|right|thumb|Pele, ABŞ prezidenti [[Ronald Reagan]] we Braziliýa prezidenti [[José Sarney]]]]
* Pele 1994-nji ýylda [[ÝUNESKO]] tarapyndan [[ÝUNESKO Ýagşy niýet ilçisi|ýagşy niýet ilçisi]] hökmünde wezipä bellenildi.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.sportshumanitarian.com/inductees/pele.html|title=World Sport Humanitarian Hall of Fame Inductees – Pelé|last=|first=|date=|website=Sports Humanitarian|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110723072800/http://www.sportshumanitarian.com/inductees/pele.html|archive-date=23 July 2011|dead-url=yes|access-date=5 May 2011}}</ref>
* 1995-nji ýylda Braziliýanyň adatdan daşary sport ministri hökmünde wezipä bellendi. Futbolda korrupsiýany azaltmak maksatly "[[Pele kanuny]]" atly kanun hödürledi ministrlik möwritinde. Pele bu wezipesinden 2001-nji ýylda özi barada öňe çykan parahorlyk spekulýasiýalaryndan soňra boşadyldy bu spekulýasiýalar subut edilmedik we UNICEF tarapyndan inkär edilen hem bolsa.<ref>{{cite news|title=Pele Law on sports introduced in Brazil|work=BBC News|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/americas/69438.stm|accessdate=9 July 2017|date=25 March 1998}}</ref>
* 1997-nji ýylda [[Birleşen Şalyk]] [[Birleşen Şalyk Şazenany|şazenany]] tarapynda [[Rysarlyk tituly (Birleşen Şalyk)|rysarlyk tituly]] bilen sylaglandyryldy.<ref>[https://www.independent.co.uk/news/education-sir-pele-lends-his-support-1286703.html "Education: Sir Pele lends his support"]. ''The Independent''. 3 December 1997. Retrieved 6 May2011.</ref>
* Pele birnäçe eserler ýazdy, käbir filmlerde rol aldy.