Wikipediýa

Perwez Muşarraf

Lider Pakistan 1999-2008

Pervez Musharraf (urd. پرويز مشرف); 1999-njy ýylda federal hökümet. 1998-nji ýyldan 2001-nji ýyla çenli Işgärler komitetiniň 10-njy başlygy we 1998-2007-nji ýyllar aralygynda 7-nji goşun bölüminiň başlygy bolup işledi.[1][2][3]

Perwez Muşarraf

Musharraf at the 2008 WEF
Doglan wagty we ýeriNoýabr 8, 1943(1943-11-08)
Deli, British India
Aradan çykan wagty we ýeri5 Fewral 2023(2023-02-05) (79 ýaşyndady)

Iňlis Raj döwründe Delide doglan Muşarraf Karaçi Stambulda ulaldy. Lahordaky Forman hristian kollejinde matematika ugrundan bilim aldy we Angliýadaky Korollyk goranyş kollejinde bilim aldy. Muşarraf 1961-nji ýylda Pakistan harby akademiýasyna girdi we 1964-nji ýylda Pakistan goşunynyň artilleriýa polkuna tabşyryldy. Muşarraf 1965-nji ýyldaky Hindi-Pakistan söweşinde ikinji leýtenant hökmünde herekete geçdi. 1980-nji ýyllarda artilleriýa brigadasyna ýolbaşçylyk edýärdi. 1990-njy ýyllarda Muşarraf general wezipesine bellenildi we pyýada goşun bölümine bellendi, soňra bolsa ýörite hyzmatlar toparyna ýolbaşçylyk etdi. Az salymdan, harby sekretaryň orunbasary we harby operasiýalaryň baş müdiri bolup işledi. Owganystandaky raýat urşunda Pakistanyň Talybana goldaw bermegini höweslendirip, işjeň rol oýnady.[4][5][6]

Muşarraf 1998-nji ýylda premýer-ministr Nawaz Şerif tarapyndan dört ýyldyzly general wezipesine bellenende ýaragly güýçleriň başlygy boldy. 1999-njy ýylda Hindistany we Päkistany söweşe getiren Kargil aralaşmagyna ýolbaşçylyk etdi. Şerif bilen Muşarrafyň arasynda birnäçe aýlap dowam eden çekeleşikli gatnaşyklardan soň, Şerif Muşarrafy goşunyň ýolbaşçysy wezipesinden aýyrmaga synanyşdy. Ar alyş üçin goşun 1999-njy ýylda döwlet agdarylyşygy gurady, bu bolsa Muşarrafyň 2001-nji ýylda Pakistany prezident edip almagyna rugsat berdi. Soňra Şerifi özüne garşy resmi jenaýat işine başlamazdan ozal berk tussag astyna aldy.[7][8][9]

Muşarraf başda Bilelikdäki başlyklaryň başlygy we goşun bölüminiň başlygy bolup galdy, prezidentligi tassyklanandan soň öňki wezipesinden ýüz öwürdi. Şeýle-de bolsa, 2007-nji ýylda pensiýa çykýança goşun bölüminiň başlygy bolup galdy. Prezidentlik döwründe konserwatiw we sosializm sintezini kabul edip, Üçünji ýoluň tarapdary. Muşarraf, hukuk çarçuwasy buýrugyna düýpli üýtgetmeler girizilen hem bolsa, 2002-nji ýylda konstitusiýany gaýtadan dikeltdi. Zafarullah Jamalini belledisoň Şaukat Aziz premýer-ministr bolup, terrorçylyga garşy gönükdirilen syýasatlara gözegçilik edip, Amerikanyň Terrorçylyga garşy söweşinde esasy rol oýnady.[10][11][12][13][14]

Muşarraf aç-açan moderasiýa programmasy boýunça sosial liberalizmi öňe sürdi we kärdeşler arkalaşyklaryny gadagan etdi. Muşarrafyň prezidentligi umumy içerki önümiň 50% töweregi ýokarlanmagyna gabat geldi; şol döwürde içerki tygşytlylyk azaldy we ykdysady deňsizlik çalt depginde ýokarlandy. Muşarrafyň hökümeti adam hukuklaryny bozmakda-da aýyplandy, we prezidentlik döwründe birnäçe kast ediş synanyşyklaryndan aman galdy. Aziz premýer-ministr wezipesinden aýrylanda we kazyýet işiniň togtadylmagyny tassyklandan soň 2007-nji ýylda Muşarrafyň ýagdaýy düýpgöter gowşady. Muşarraf impiçmentden gaça durmak üçin 2008-nji ýylda işinden aýryldy we özüni sürgün eden Londona göçdi. Lider hökmünde mirasy garyşyk; has ynamly orta gatlagyň dörändigini gördi, ýöne raýat guramalaryna aç-açan äsgermezlik Pakistanda demokratiýany ep-esli gowşatdy.[15][16][17][18][19][20][21]

Muşarraf şol ýylky umumy saýlawlara gatnaşmak üçin 2013-nji ýylda Pakistana gaýdyp geldi, ýöne ýurduň ýokary kazyýetleri Nawab Akbar Bugti we Benazir Bhuttonyň janyna kast etmekde aýyplanyp, tussag edilmek barada karar çykaransoň, gatnaşmak hukugyndan mahrum edildi. Muşarraf bilen baglanyşykly kazyýet işi Şerifiň 2017-nji ýylda wezipesinden aýrylandan soň dowam etdi, şol ýyl Muşarrafyň Bhutto janyna kast etmek işinde Dubaýa göçüp, "gaçgak" diýlip yglan edilen ýylynda dowam etdi. 2019-njy ýylda Muşarraf dönüklikde aýyplanyp, gaýybana ölüm jezasyna höküm edildi, ýöne ölüm jezasy Lahor Ýokary Kazyýeti tarapyndan ýatyryldy. Muşarraf 2023-nji ýylyň 5-nji fewralynda uzak wagtlap amiloidoz keselinden ejir çekip, Dubaýda aradan çykdy.[22][23]

Salgylanmalar

düzet
  1. ↑ Rashid, Ahmed (2012). Pakistan in the Brink. Allen Lane. pp. 6, 21, 31, 35–38, 42, 52, 147, 165, 172, 185, 199, 205. ISBN 978-1-84614-585-8. 
  2. ↑ "Syed Pervez Musharraf kon hain ? | Daily Jang". jang.com.pk. Archived from the original on 26 August 2019. Retrieved 26 August 2019.  Unknown parameter |url-status= ignored (help)
  3. ↑ Dummett, Mark (18 August 2008). "Pakistan's Musharraf steps down". Work and report completed by BBC correspondent for Pakistan Mark Dummett (BBC Pakistan, 2008). http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/south_asia/7567451.stm.
  4. ↑ Wilson, John (2007). "General Pervez Musharraf— A Profile". The General and Jihad. Washington D.C.: Pentagon Press, 2007. ISBN 978-0-520-24448-1. 
  5. ↑ "Pervez Musharraf Biography President (non-U.S.), General (1943–)". Archived from the original on 10 October 2018.  Unknown parameter |url-status= ignored (help)
  6. ↑ "Pervez Musharraf | president of Pakistan". Archived from the original on 10 November 2017. Retrieved 21 September 2016.  Unknown parameter |url-status= ignored (help)
  7. ↑ Constable, Pamela (28 November 2007). "Musharraf Steps Down as Head of Pakistani Army" (en-US). The Washington Post. Şablon:Citation/identifier. https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2007/11/27/AR2007112702242.html.
  8. ↑ "Pakistan's Dubious Referendum". The New York Times. 1 May 2002. Şablon:Citation/identifier. https://www.nytimes.com/2002/05/01/opinion/pakistan-s-dubious-referendum.html.
  9. ↑ Morris, Chris (18 August 2008). "Pervez Musharraf's mixed legacy". Special report published by Chris Morris BBC News, Islamabad. BBC News, Islamabad (BBC News, Islamabad). http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/south_asia/7567592.stm.
  10. ↑ "Labour leaders urge Musharraf to quit". 10 March 2008. Archived from the original on 27 September 2016. Retrieved 24 September 2016.  Unknown parameter |url-status= ignored (help)
  11. ↑ "The economy under Pervez Musharraf". 17 October 2007. Archived from the original on 25 September 2016. Retrieved 21 September 2016.  Unknown parameter |url-status= ignored (help)
  12. ↑ "The myth of Musharraf's 'economic boom' needs to die". 16 January 2014. Archived from the original on 18 February 2018. Retrieved 21 September 2016.  Unknown parameter |url-status= ignored (help)
  13. ↑ "Pakistan: Hold Musharraf Accountable for Abuses". 23 March 2013. Archived from the original on 21 October 2016. Retrieved 3 October 2016.  Unknown parameter |url-status= ignored (help)
  14. ↑ Gall, Carlotta (6 October 2007). "Musharraf Wins Vote, but Court Will Have Final Say". The New York Times. Şablon:Citation/identifier. https://www.nytimes.com/2007/10/06/world/asia/06cnd-pakistan.html.
  15. ↑ "Musharraf disqualified from Pakistan election". 3 News (New Zealand). 17 April 2013. Arxivləşdirilib: [1] saytından 17 April 2014 tarixində. https://web.archive.org/web/20140417043912/http://www.3news.co.nz/Musharraf-disqualified-from-Pakistan-election/tabid/417/articleID/294580/Default.aspx.
  16. ↑ Madiha Afzal (19 December 2019). "Why Pakistan's former ruler Musharraf was sentenced to death, and what it means". Order From Chaos: Foreign Policy in a Troubled World. Brookings Institution. Archived from the original on 4 April 2022. Retrieved 12 May 2020. Sharif had signaled his intent to bring high treason charges against Musharraf in June 2013, right after he came into power...and in 2013, Sharif's government brought charges of high treason against him for imposing the 2007 emergency.  Unknown parameter |url-status= ignored (help)
  17. ↑ "Benazir Bhutto assassination case: Two senior cops sentenced to 17 years in jail, five acquitted; Pervez Musharraf declared absconder". The Indian Express. 31 August 2017. https://indianexpress.com/article/pakistan/benazir-bhutto-assassination-case-verdict-pakistan-pervez-musharraf-4822298/.
  18. ↑ "Pakistan court sentences Pervez Musharraf to death for treason". The Economic Times. 17 December 2019. https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/international/world-news/pakistan-court-sentences-pervez-musharraf-to-death-for-treason/articleshow/72825753.cms?from=mdr.
  19. ↑ "Pervez Musharraf Sentenced To Death In High Treason Case: Pak Media". NDTV.com. Archived from the original on 17 December 2019. Retrieved 17 December 2019.  Unknown parameter |url-status= ignored (help)
  20. ↑ "Pervez Musharraf, Pakistan's fugitive ex-leader: Profile". Al Jazeera. Archived from the original on 17 December 2019. Retrieved 17 December 2019.  Unknown parameter |url-status= ignored (help)
  21. ↑ "Lahore High Court annuls Musharraf's death sentence" (en-IN). The Hindu. 13 January 2020. https://www.thehindu.com/news/international/lahore-high-court-annuls-musharrafs-death-sentence/article30557948.ece.
  22. ↑ "Pervez Musharraf, former Pakistani president, dies at 79: Reports". Hindustan Times. 5 February 2023. Archived from the original on 5 February 2023. Retrieved 5 February 2023.  Unknown parameter |url-status= ignored (help)
  23. ↑ Salim, Waheed Abbas and Sahim. "Dubai: Former Pakistani president Pervez Musharraf passes away". Khaleej Times. Retrieved 5 February 2023. 
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